This is a summary of my experience. The point is installing unixodbc before asterisk.

Install debian packages needed for asterisk :

apt install build-essential libxml2-dev libncurses5-dev uuid-dev libjansson-dev libssl-dev wget sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev

Install debian packages for ocbd for asterisk (here postgresql):

apt install libltdl-dev libltdl7 unixodbc-dev unixodbc libodbc1
odbc-postgresql odbcinst

Then install and test your odbc asterisk connector with isql for exemple.

Then follow instructions from https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Installing+Asterisk+From+Source

Do not forget to install logrotate mechanism.